North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *ai

Tonal pattern: HH

Meaning: my/our mother

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : áíá ~ áíé (n1 - sĩ)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): eiya "Mother"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ái

!Kung (Doke): ʔai

!Kung (Vedder): ái

References : Bleek 6; Dickens 116; Snyman 49.

RefLex number: 7

Proto-Ju: *aia

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: be like, similar

Juǀʼhoan : àìà "be the same as"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : kaija "to be like" (?)

Notes : Unclear if the forms are related.

References : Bleek 77; Dickens 188.

RefLex number: 8

Proto-Ju: *ama

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: body

Juǀʼhoan : ámá (n5 -si) // àmà-šè (n5 -si) "lust, promiscuity"; àmà-šè-xʼàò (n1 -si) "promiscuous person"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ama, pl. amasi "body, berry"

References : Bleek 9; Dickens 188.

RefLex number: 10

Proto-Ju: *ama

Meaning: to glide, crawl

ǀǀAuǀǀen : áma

References : Bleek 9.

RefLex number: 3061

Proto-Ju: *ani

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to decorate the hair

Juǀʼhoan : ání

Notes : Probably borrowed (cf. Nama ani "to decorate").

References : Dickens 188.

RefLex number: 13

Proto-Ju: *are

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to like, love

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : àrè

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): are

!Kung (Vedder): àrè "to wonder"

Notes : Cf. also gạre "to love, want, wish" (V.), gắrē "to rejoice" (Wil.)

References : Bleek 11, 43; Dickens 188; Snyman 17.

RefLex number: 15

Proto-Ju: *ari

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: guinea-fowl, Numida meleagris

Juǀʼhoan : àrì (n2) // àrì-ɳǂàʔmɳǂàʔm (n2 -si) "fish eagle, Heliaetus vocifer"; àrì-cʼí / (n5 -si) "flock of guinea-fowl"

Nogau : adi, ani

!Kung (Lloyd) : ắrī, ári, ắrì

!O!Kung (Snyman): àrí

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): ári.

References : Bleek 6, 10, 11, 188; Snyman 1980: 39.

RefLex number: 16

Proto-Ju: *ata (?)

Meaning: a person

!Kung (Doke): atâ

Notes : An isolated form recorded by Doke and rather unnatural in form; possibly a Bantuism?

References : Bleek 2; Doke 152.

RefLex number: 3156

Proto-Ju: *au

Meaning: to give

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

ǀǀAuǀǀen : au

!Kung (Doke): au

!Kung (Vedder): áú

References : Bleek 2.

RefLex number: 3062

Proto-Ju: *ãũ

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: slow, late

Juǀʼhoan : ã̀ũ̀ "be slow, be late" // ã̀ũ̀-šȅ ~ ã̀ũ̀-sí "slowly"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): eũ

ǀǀAuǀǀen : kau "later" (?)

References : Bleek 83; Dickens 188; Snyman 31.

RefLex number: 17

Proto-Ju: *ba

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ MM [k] ~ MM [e] ~ VAR [Sn]

Meaning: father

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : bá (n1 -si) // báː-kʰòè kò... "be in a father-child relationship with each other"; bá-cú (n1 -sĩ), bá-ɡǂòàɡǂòàhà (n1 -si) "stepfather"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ba

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ba

!Kung (Lloyd) : bba ~ ba // pl. ba-ssiɲ

!Kung (Doke): bāː

!Kung (Vedder): baː

!Kung (Wilhelm): baː // (?) beaː-!aː "grandfather"

!Kung (Weich): ba

!O!Kung (Bleek) : bà ~ pa // pl. be

!O!Kung (Snyman): pá

Kavango : bā

Ekoka : bā (n1) // bā šŋ̀ "father's younger brother"

Tsumkwe : bá

Tsintsabis : bá

Okongo : bá

Leeunes : bá

Mpunguvlei : bá

Cuito : bà

Cuando : bá ~ pá

South Omatako : bà

Kameeldoring : bà

Lister : bá

Notes : Cf. also [NIIc] aubā 'man, old man, father'.

References : Bleek 12, 13, 156; Dickens 189; KH 15; Snyman 69; Snyman 1980: 13; Snyman 1997: 37; Weich 3.

RefLex number: 19

Proto-Ju: *ba

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: interrogative particle

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : bȁȁʰ

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ba // če-ba "what?"

References : Bleek 13; Bleek 1929: 91; Dickens 189.

RefLex number: 21

Proto-Ju: *bo

Tonal pattern: XX [e]

Meaning: clever, wise

!Kung (Vedder): boː

!Kung (Wilhelm): boː

Ekoka : bȍ "can, be able, be capable"

References : Bleek 17; KH 16.

RefLex number: 2833

Proto-Ju: *boro

Tonal pattern: MM [e]

Meaning: to be stupid

!Kung (Lloyd) : bɔ́rro

!Kung (Doke): bɔ̄ɽɔ̄ "a dumb person"

!Kung (Vedder): bòro

!Kung (Wilhelm): bŏroː

Ekoka : bōlō

References : Bleek 17; KH 16.

RefLex number: 2836

Proto-Ju: *cã

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to taste, try

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : cã̏ã̀ʰ

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): cʰãː

!Kung (Lloyd) : sʰã-sʰã ~ čʰã-čʰã

References : Bleek 178, 226; Dickens 274; Snyman 40.

RefLex number: 1572

Proto-Ju: *cãˤ

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ MM [k] ~ MM [e]

Meaning: two

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : cã́ ~ cãˤ́

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): cã

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ca ~ ča

!Kung (Lloyd) : sã ~ sãˤ ~ sːa ~ ca ~ caˤː ~ cã ~ zãˤ́

!Kung (Doke): sã̄

!Kung (Vedder): ʒãː

!Kung (Wilhelm): sa ~ săm

!O!Kung (Bleek) : cá ~ ča

!O!Kung (Snyman): čà ~ cà

Kavango : cá

Ekoka : čā

References : Bleek 30, 161, 210, 224, 263; Dickens 274; Heikkinen 1986; KH 138; Snyman 28; Snyman 1980: 53.

RefLex number: 1576

Proto-Ju: *caˤni

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: parrot

Juǀʼhoan : càˤní (n2) "Meyer's parrot, Poicephalus meyerii"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): caˤni

!Kung (Weich): šoˤni

References : Dickens 274; Snyman 38; Weich 5.

RefLex number: 1580

Proto-Ju: *caˤri

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to tickle

Juǀʼhoan : cȁˤì=cȁˤrì ~ càˤ=càˤrí

!Kung (Vedder): cãːcani

!Kung (Wilhelm): caː [?]

References : Bleek 210, 212; Dickens 274.

RefLex number: 1578

Proto-Ju: *cam

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to stalk

Juǀʼhoan : cám

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): cem

ǀǀAuǀǀen : čʌ́m

References : Bleek 237; Dickens 274; Snyman 46.

RefLex number: 1573

Proto-Ju: *cau

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ MM [k] ~ MM [e]

Meaning: to rise, get up, stand up, go up

Juǀʼhoan : cáú

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ceu

ǀǀAuǀǀen : có ~ cʼo // cáú "to take up"

!Kung (Lloyd) : cːauː ~ caù ~ cáu

!Kung (Doke): cʼāu

!Kung (Vedder): ̌ʒǎu

!O!Kung (Bleek) : co ~ cáú

!O!Kung (Snyman): cào

Kavango : cáo

Ekoka : čāō

References : Bleek 3, 31, 213, 218; Dickens 274; Heikkinen 1986; KH 138; Snyman 21; Snyman 1980: 6.

RefLex number: 1591